6. Martin GM. Somatic mutagenesis
and anti-mutagenesis in aging research. Mutation Res. 350:35-41(1996).
7. Morley AA. The somatic
mutation theory of aging. Mutation Res. 338:19-23 (1995).
8. Ames BN, Shigenaga MK, Hagen
TM. Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA 90:7915-7922 (1993).
9. Sohal RS, Weindruch R.
Oxidative stress, caloric restriction, and aging. Science 273:59-63 (1996).
10. Miller RA. The aging immune
system: primer and prospectus. Science 273:70-74 (1996).
11. Ames BN, Gold LS, Willet WC.
The causes and prevention of cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:5258-5265 (1995).
12. Ross DW. Biology of aging.
Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 120:1148 (1996).
13. Lithgow GJ, Kirkwood TBL.
Mechanisms and evolution of aging. Science 273:80 (1996).
14. Wei Q, Matanoski GM, Farmer
ER, Hedayati MA, Grossman L. DNA repair and aging in basal cell carcinoma: a molecular
epidemiology study. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:1614-1618 (1993).
15. Varmus H, Weinberg RA. Genes
and the Biology of Cancer. New York, NY: Scientific American Library; 1993:153.
16. Feinendegen LE, Loken MK,
Booz J., Muhlensiepen H., Sondhaus CA, Bond VP. Cellular mechanisms of protection and
repair induced by radiation exposure and their consequences for cell system responses.
Stem Cells 13 (Suppl. 1): 7-20 (1995).
17. Feinendegen LE, Sondhaus CA,
Bond VP, Muhlensiepen H. Radiation effects induced by low doses in complex tissue and
their relation to cellular adaptive responses. Mutation Res. 199-205 (1996).
18. Yamaoka K. Increased SOD
activities and decreased lipid peroxide in rat organs induced by low X-irradiation. Free
Radical Biol. Med. 11:3-7 (1991).
19. Anderson RE. Effects of
low-dose radiation on the immune response, Chapt. 5 In: Biological Effects of Low Level
Exposures: Dose-Response Relationships (Calabrese EJ, ed). Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers,
1992; 95-112.
20. Makinodan T, James SJ. T
cell potentiation by low dose ionizing radiation: possible mechanisms. Health Phys 59(1):
29-34 (1990).
21. Duke RC, Ojcius DM, Young
JD-E. Cell suicide in health and disease. Scientific American Dec: 80-87 (1996).
22. Azzam El, de Toledo SM,
Raaphorst GP, Mitchel REJ. Low-dose ionizing radiation decreases the frequency of
neoplastic transformation to a level below the spontaneous rate in C3H 10T1/2 cells.
Radiat. Res. 146:369-373 (1996).
23. United Nations Scientific
Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation;
UNSCEAR 1994 Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. New York, NY: United
Nations, 1994; Annex B. Adaptive Responses to Radiation in Cells and Organisms:185-272.
24. Le XC, Xing JZ, Lee J,
Leadon SA, Weinfeld M. Inducible repair of thymine glycol detected by an ultra sensitive
assay for DNA damage. Science 280:1066-1069 (1998).
25. Jawarowski Z. Beneficial
radiation. Nukleonika 40:3-12 (1995).
26. Mine M, Nakamura T, Mori H,
Kondo H, Okajima S. The current mortality rates of A-bomb survivors in Nagasaki City. Jpn.
J. Public Health 28:337-342 (1981). (In Japanese with English abstract).
27. Kondo S. Health Effects of
Low-Level Radiation. Osaka, Japan: Kinki University Press Madison, WI: Medical Physics
Publishing, 1993.
28. Cohen BL. Test of the linear
no-threshold theory of radiation carcinogenesis in the low dose, low dose rate region.
Health Phys 68:157-174 (1995).
29. National Academy of
Sciences, Committee on Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Health Risks of Radon and
Other Internally Deposited Alpha Emitters (BEIR IV). Washington: National Academy Press,
1988.
30. Matanoski GM. Health effects
of low-level radiation in shipyard workers final report. Report No. DOE DE-AC02-79
EV10095. Washington: US Department of Energy, 1991.
31. National academy of
Sciences, Committee on Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Health Effects of
Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR V). Washington: National Academy Press,
1990.
32. Miller AB, Howe GR, Sherman
GJ, Lindsay JP, Yaffe MJ, Dinner PJ, Risch HA, Preston DL. Mortality from breast cancer
after irradiation during fluoroscopic examination in patients being treated for
tuberculosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 321:1285-1289 (1989).
33. Howe GR, McLaughlin J.
Breast cancer mortality between 1950 and 1987 after exposure to fractionated
moderate-dose-rate ionizing radiation in the Canadian fluoroscopy cohort study and a
comparison with breast cancer mortality in the atomic bomb survivors study. Radiat. Res.
149:694-707 (1996).
34. Taylor LS. Some
non-scientific influences on radiation protection standards and practice. Health Phys 39:
851-874 (1980).
35. Sakamoto K, Myogin M. Hosoi
Y, Ogawa Y, Nemoto K, Takai Y, Kakuto Y, Yamada S, Watabe M. Fundamental and clinical
studies on cancer control with total or upper half body irradiation. J. Jpn. Soc. Ther.
Radiol. Oncol. 9:161-175 (1997).
36. Takai Y, Yamada S., Nemoto
K, Ogawa Y, Kakutou Y, Hosi A, Sakamoto K. Anti-tumor effect of low dose total (or half)
body irradiation and changes in the functional subset of peripheral blood lymphocytes in
non-Hodgkins lymphoma patients after TBI (HBI). In: Low Dose Irradiation and Biological
Defense Mechanisms (Sugahara T, Sagan LA, Aoyama T, eds). Amsterdam, the Netherlands:
Elsevier Science Publishers, 1992: 113-116.
